Investigation of some ecological factors affecting habitat distribution Sumac (Rhus Coriaria L.) in rangeland ecosystems (Case study: Kalat rangelands of Gonabad).

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ecological factors and the distribution of rangeland habitats of Sumac shrub (Rhus Coriaria L.) and to determine the range of changes in effective environmental factors to interpret the best distribution of Sumac habitats in Khorasan Razavi province within the heights overlooking Khanik Valley in Brakuh , Kalat district of Gonabad city. In this study, geographical maps of the basin were prepared with the help of GIS and samples were taken and according to the location of ecological population spots of Sumac in the rangeland ecosystem, 130 plots in different altitudes from the beginning to the end of the habitat corresponding to 1600 meters to 2400 meters above sea level was selected and in each ecological spot a 100 meter transect was randomly thrown in the direction of the slope and in the middle a plot of 20 * 20 square meters and in each plot a total of 5 sumac trees were selected and inside the plots list of available plants and canopy cover Their density was determined and two species of Tragacanth (Astragaluas gossypinus L.) and Artemisia aucheri L. were also selected as two companion species for further analysis and comparison. Inside each plot, three soil samples were taken from 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm depths and a 1 kg sample was separated from the sample mixture and in the laboratory, soil texture components, lime content, acidity, salinity, organic carbon, nitrogen. , Calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium were measured. During the sumac harvest season, a fruit sample was taken from each plot and sent to the laboratory to measure phenol and flavonoids. Using meteorological data, the amount of rainfall and temperature in each plot were determined. First, the normality of the data was assessed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (k-s) and the significance test of the data was performed by ANOVA (Duncan) multivariate test. To investigate the relationship between the vegetation distribution of Sumac shrub and environmental factors, ridging was used. Plant community ranking was done by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the first and second axes with specific values ​​of 71.98 and 12.71 and variance of 0.9575 and 0.6291, respectively, showed changes in the distribution of Sumac habitat at the ecological spot level in relation to environmental factors in the region by 70.7%. Justifies.Finally, using Gaussian normal distribution model by GAM method based on hypsometric curves of height, temperature and rainfall, the optimal common point of all functional factors of sumac in this habitat, 1970 m altitude difference from sea level, 9.2 ° C and 233 rainfall was determined.